May Solar Challenge

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May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

Let's look at flares this month (cue the absence now I say this).

We have been having lots of flare activity recently which will hopefully increase over the coming years. So let's be on the look out for all the signs and features. To start with, let's check out the GOES X-Ray chart here https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/sol ... lares.html

You can watch this during your observing session and be on the look out for flares. If you hover your cursor over the line chart at each flare it will tell you the exact class. If you look further down the page you will see a report of which active region the flare was located.

It is great if you can report your flare that you observed here, whether it be visual, sketched or imaged. If you image it, it is always helpful to have the capture software (eg Firecapture) automatically timestamp your image file with the date and time in UTC. This way you can easily match your observation with the flare. This can be found in the capture settings menu and you can set this up at anytime.

You can also find out which active region you were observing by comparing with the Spaceweather site here https://www.spaceweather.com/

Flares come in all shapes and sizes from the smallest being observed best in the wings of hydrogen alpha being Ellerman bombs. These come and go in a matter of minutes and are tiny dot like brightening around the penumbral edge of a spot.

Most flares can be seen well in both CaK and Halpha and but only rarely in white light.

(Gratefully extracted from Observing the Sun, a pocket field guide by Jamey L. Jenkins)
There are four recognised stages of flare evolution:

Preflare/precursor phase: visible in X-rays, slow heating of the coronal plasma. This is the activation process for the release of magnetic energy. During a large event the pre-flare phase lasts around 10 minutes. In Halpha it makes its presence known by unusual movements of the neutral line filament, and appearance of a new emerging flux.

Impulsive phase: The rapid release of energy and particle acceleration takes place. Notably an increase in X-Rays, EUV and microwave radiation. This phase lasts about a minute in a large event. Sometimes there is no impulsive phase and this rise is known as a thermal flare and gives a gradual rise to peak output and a slow decline.

Flash phase: In halpha light the period of rapid brightening to maximum intensity, often several times the brightness of the nearby chromosphere. Depending on the the type of flare event (sub-flare, thermal etc) this phase may last several minutes to several hours. (If imaging, the flare will be a whiteout and will be over exposed even on a very low exposure).

Main/decay phase: The gradual decline of halpha intensity and a return to normal state.

What to look out for: you may notice a sudden brightening where none was there before, this will be very obvious, it can be a bright point or it may form down a filament line and look like a lightening strike, this would be a ribbon flare.

Try to take notes on how long you think some of these phases have lasted, were they long or short.

Advanced warning:
Finally, for June challenge, lets all take a 6 month image of the Sun if you can. It is really good fun, if you can get hold of a Solarcan for next month we will go through setting one up and look at the results in December together. In the UK you can buy them from FLO https://www.firstlightoptics.com/other- ... amera.html
I'm not sure about other countries, you may need to google or buy direct from Solarcan. You can also make your own if you have the skill.

Alexandra


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

This one's gonna be fun! Flares are among my favorite interest of study concerning the Sun. I just hope May turns out as good as April was concerning them. I use SWL a lot and am familiar with it and it's alerts. So I'm game!

Two thumbs up on this one!!

James

P.S. Though taken in April, first off what are the white spots in this image I took last weekend? They have filament ejecta apparently being emitted by them. They seem too big for EBs but really small for flares. Any idea?

James


AR12993-94_SMII90_ASI178MM_4-23-22_JP.jpg
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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by ffellah »

Thank you Alexandra for the explanation of flares, very interesting 🧐

You definitely make me think about taking the challenge…

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by rsfoto »

DeepSolar64 wrote: Mon May 02, 2022 3:20 am This one's gonna be fun! Flares are among my favorite interest of study concerning the Sun. I just hope May turns out as good as April was concerning them. I use SWL a lot and am familiar with it and it's alerts. So I'm game!

Two thumbs up on this one!!

James

P.S. Though taken in April, first off what are the white spots in this image I took last weekend? They have filament ejecta apparently being emitted by them. They seem too big for EBs but really small for flares. Any idea?

James



AR12993-94_SMII90_ASI178MM_4-23-22_JP.jpg
Hi James,

From what I have learned here it looks like you are on the blue side of the band and those are Ellerman bombs if I am not mistaken.


regards Rainer

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

Those are large for EBs but possible I guess. If you look to the single spot to the left and you look closely you will see 4 much smaller white dots against it's left side. Those are more likely to be EBs.

With those larger ones, there's certainly something going on.

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by JohnW »

One of my best images for solar flares was taken on 25th April 2022. According to SpaceWeatherLive the flares were (in order of UT):
AR 2995, M1.2 flare at 1.18 UT
AR 2993, M1.2 at 3.52 UT
AR 2994, C4.7 at 5.51 UT
AR 2993, C1.6 at 8.50 UT
AR 2994, C3 at 16.00 UT
AR 2993, C4.8 at 20.38 UT.
There were a number of other flares not associated with the main ARs.
My image is a single exposure taken with a Canon 550d camera thru a Lunt 100 Ha scope (SS).
IMG_3424 c.jpg
IMG_3424 c.jpg (675.93 KiB) Viewed 2238 times
IMG_3424 ac.jpg
IMG_3424 ac.jpg (627.1 KiB) Viewed 2238 times
Last edited by JohnW on Tue May 10, 2022 6:19 am, edited 1 time in total.


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

You do wonderful with a DSLR. A true standout in an age of solar videocam imaging.


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Highbury Mark »

Thanks for this excellent introduction to flares Alexandra. As noted elsewhere I was thrilled to see my first X-class on April 30th. One of the most awe inspiring fifteen minutes since I first looked through a telescope. Hope May delivers some more memorable flares


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

And I missed one by just over an hour this morning. Normally I would have caught it. Slept late due to working overtime. :-(


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by nicspenceryork »

Delighted to have caught flare action today in both AR3006 and 3007! But, having only caught one flare before today from a single spot on the sun, I'm having the new experience of trying to identify the C value at the time of capture! I can read the spaceweather live graph to see for example that at 1608 BST or 15:08 UT the value was C8.8 so how do I know whether that is for AR3006 or 3007 when it isn't specified in the 'events on the sun today'. When I looked at GONG both were 'lit up' at that time. The one & only flare I caught before today was C2.83 and these two were higher today, so, 'being a Nic' (!) I'd like to keep a record of them.
I'll show you when they're processed!
Thanks
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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

Big thumbs up 👍🏻 on that! I look forward to seeing them.


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

Nic have you tried SolarMonitor

https://www.solarmonitor.org/

Click on 'Events' on the right and Solarsoft. There is a full listing for the day but I can't see yours.
I had the same problem the other day when I imaged a region flare, I saw the chart had gone up, but they registered it as another AR instead which was flaring at the same time. I'm not sure they can measure the individual regions but only the X-rays output and give it to the active region flaring the most. That would be a good question to a solar physicist.

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by nicspenceryork »

I hadn’t looked on solarmonitor before now which was interesting but didn’t give me the specific value. I caught 3006 an hour after the X1.5 and the C value was 9.3 at that point so I guess that ‘my value’ was the flare settling after the X1.5 and therefore not labelled as a new event.
I contacted Lyn at BAA and found her answer wholly liberating, ‘… record your observation the best you can and use any other source merely as confirmation’. I realise I’ve perhaps let myself get a bit too fixated on recording supporting online data rather than focusing on what my own valuable personal observation offers!
I don’t suppose George Ellery Hale checked with spaceweather live before he told his friends about the sunspots he’d seen! It’s given me a helpful new perspective!
Thanks
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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

That is very true!! quite often we capture by eye far more than the 'classic' flares that are officially recorded. That is the beauty of the amateur observer and this data is very valuable. Like I said before, I think they can only record the largest flare at any one given time as X-ray flux, if another AR flares at the same time it is masked by the other and not recorded. Here, we can!!

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Re: May Solar Challenge

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Carbon60 »

Very nice. Great captures there.

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Carbon60 »

AR 13006 and AR 13007 mid flares captured on May 10th at 15:13 UTC. AR13006 had exploded with an X1.5 class flare just a couple of hours before, so I'm not sure if this is another flare or the original one in decline.

Reproduced here in mono and colour:

Image20220510_Ha_Flares_mono by Stuart Green, on Flickr

Image20220510_Ha_Flares_colour by Stuart Green, on Flickr

Image20220510_Ha_Flares by Stuart Green, on Flickr

Thanks for looking.

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

Very nice Stu! I love the colorized one. 👍🏻


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

These are all fantastic!! it reminds me I need to process my unknown flare from the 30th April :)

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Carbon60 »

Flaring region AR13006 on May 12th at 10:12 UTC. Looks like a C2.8 at maximum according to Solarmonitor.

Image20220512_Ha_AR13006_mono by Stuart Green, on Flickr

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

These data are just fabulous :bow

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Andy Devey »

Hi Alexandra,

I am back after a ling absence.

Here is a five hour look at AR3007 from the 13th May 11-40 to 16-40UT

[https://www.astrobin.com/full/f9xjxv/0/][https://www.astrobin.com/full/f9xjxv/0/]

and a three hour fun from 11 May on the same AR with an M1-maximum flare. 13-01 to 16-01UT

[https://www.astrobin.com/full/upuvyn/0/][https://www.astrobin.com/full/upuvyn/0/]

Best regards

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

These are really nice!! The flare looks like a lightning strike which is really what it is! A huge arc flash with a tremendous release of energy as it reconnects.

I caught a flare visually on that day too but it was a bit later in the early afternoon.

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

Woohooo!!!!! Andy my wonderful friend :hamster: great to see you :hamster:

I added your post into the thread. You need to right click on the image 'copy image address' then in the post creation menu bar click on the image button and paste the address between the two {image} signs :)

Image

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Andy Devey »

Thanks Alexandra.

Here I will try to add a GIF of an M2.4 event from this afternoon. Sequence runs from 14:01 to 14:41UT and I think it was associated with AR3017.

Regards

Andy

Image
Last edited by Andy Devey on Mon May 16, 2022 6:22 pm, edited 3 times in total.


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Andy Devey »

Image


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Andy Devey »



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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

I fixed it for you Andy :) if you press edit on your post you can see what I did :)

That is a very unusual one as the ejection is very bright, usually ejections are dark. That is a real monster!!

:bow :hamster:

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

Alexandra is right, usually they are dark but I have seen these bright little " proms " inward of the limb being brighter than the disc on a couple of other occasions. I wish I could find the session reports on them. I usually cannot see them well with the 60 but the 90 does well on them.

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

Another crackling solar flare from Andy Devey

Here is a long look at the AR3017-AR3014 complex showing lots of flaring from today including an M5.6 and an M1.5 event with other C-class events. Sequence runs from 07:37 to 12:05UT.

Image

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

WoW, it looks like lightning flashes in distant thunderstorms which isn't far from the truth. Just on a billions more powerful scale!

Two thumbs up!!


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by davidem27 »

Montana wrote: Fri May 20, 2022 3:40 pmHere is a long look at the AR3017-AR3014 complex showing lots of flaring from today including an M5.6 and an M1.5 event with other C-class events. Sequence runs from 07:37 to 12:05UT.
I think this is one of the best things I've ever seeing on solar "images".
A lot of patience.


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by GreatAttractor »

C4.7 flare in AR 3014 from 2022-05-18 (20-s intervals, 0:24 h total):

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

There really are some great animations and images here :bow :bow :bow

Alexandra


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

GreatAttractor wrote: Sat May 21, 2022 8:52 am C4.7 flare in AR 3014 from 2022-05-18 (20-s intervals, 0:24 h total):

Image

That's an excellent animation! I saw this one visually but not near in as much detail as shown here.

Two thumbs up!

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Alto »

Wonderful images here - thanks all....


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Christopher »

Some really good flare captures here. I got lucky last weekend with AR3011 rounding the limb and some fine seeing.
https://astrob.in/2ztihe/0/


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

Nice flare animation, Christopher. Flares it seems now have become a daily phenomenon.


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by OlegLviv »

Location: UKRAINE/LVIV
Sun H-alpha: Chromosphere 2022-05-04
Telescope: Apogee 127/1140mm Lunt Mod 2/BF15
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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

Absolutely wonderful flare captures :hamster:

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by OlegLviv »

Location: UKRAINE/LVIV
Sun H-alpha: Chromosphere 2022-05-10
Telescope: Apogee 127/1140mm Lunt Mod 2/BF15
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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

WoW. Nice prom!!


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by OlegLviv »

Location: UKRAINE/LVIV
Sun H-alpha: Chromosphere 2022-05-10
Telescope: Apogee 127/1140mm Lunt Mod 2/BF15
Camera : Apollo Max IMX 432
Filter: Baader UV/IR Cut/L 2"
TeleVue Powermate 2.5X
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https://www.astroclub.kiev.ua/forum/ind ... ic=46758.0


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Baader D-ERF 160MM
2xBaader 1.25 GPC
2xLunt 50mm
Lunt Cak B1200
Coronado BF15
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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by rsfoto »

Hi,

I was lucky and the timing was right and I caught the M1.34 flare in region 3016.

It started at UTC 18.11 with c1.04 and reached maximum at 18:24 and ended at 18.43 but I stopped recording at 19:22

solar-flare_M1.34_20220525.jpeg
solar-flare_M1.34_20220525.jpeg (177.37 KiB) Viewed 1357 times

https://vimeo.com/713849783

Area 7 minutes before Flare started
Area_at_18-04.jpg
Area_at_18-04.jpg (477.24 KiB) Viewed 1360 times

Start 18:11 at C1.04
End recording @ C2.96
End recording @ C2.96
Movie0001_1_aligned.jpg (464.36 KiB) Viewed 1363 times

Maximum 18:24 M1.34
Maximum @ M1.34
Maximum @ M1.34
Movie0041_1_aligned.jpg (442.3 KiB) Viewed 1363 times

End of recording with C2.96
Start @ C1.04
Start @ C1.04
Movie0216_1_aligned.jpg (427.68 KiB) Viewed 1363 times


regards Rainer

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by DeepSolar64 »

Nice work Rainer. I got the alert for it but I was completely under clouds and couldn’t see the sun at all. It was pushing worktime anyway.

👍🏻👍🏻

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

Wow!! that is a double lightning looking flare :bow :hamster: it is a pity you have to log in to Vimeo to see it, is there any way to make it public?

Alexandra


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by EGRAY_OBSERVATORY »

ALEXANDRA, THIS "MAY SOLAR CHALLENGE" ITEM, CERTAINLY HAD SHOWN SOME EXCELLENT CAPTURES AND ANIMATIONS...

I AM LIMITED TO BEING ABLE TO REPLY TO SO MANY INDIVIDUALLY, BUT I WONDER IF PERHAPS AS CYCLE #25 HEATS-UP MORE,
THAT PERHAPS TO REPEAT THIS SUBJECT IN ANOTHER "SOLAR CHALLENGE" SOON, WOULD PRODUCE MORE FABULOUS CAPTURES...

HERE'S HOPING
THANKS VM
TERRY


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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by rsfoto »

Montana wrote: Thu May 26, 2022 6:00 am Wow!! that is a double lightning looking flare :bow :hamster: it is a pity you have to log in to Vimeo to see it, is there any way to make it public?

Alexandra
Hi Alexandra,

Sorry. Can you watch it now without logging into Vimeo ?

BTW there is a setting in phpBB which shows the videos of Youtube and Vimeo in the message itself. In my Astronomy forum Astroforo.net I just put the Vimeo or Youtube link in my message and then automatically it is shown like you can see here

autoembed_video_phpBB.JPG
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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by Montana »

Yep! it works now Rainer :hamster:

Youtube yes, if you go into full editor click on the Youtube button and insert the link between the two icons. This doesn't work for Vimeo as I have tried in the past. I will ask Stephen if he can do another for Vimeo.

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Re: May Solar Challenge

Post by rsfoto »

Hi Alexandra,

Good to hear. BTW, as I wrote, in my forum you just copy the Youtube or Vimeo link into the message and when sending it automatically the video window appears. I do not need to add any BBcode or whatever ...

Look here in the screenshot in Posting and BBcodes
BBvideo.JPG
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